Yellow Flower Spikes
Produces clusters of small yellow flowers along tall, upright flowering stalks during its second year.
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Verbascum thapsus, commonly known as common mullein, is a biennial plant recognized for its tall flowering stalk and soft, woolly leaves. Its small yellow flowers grow along an upright spike, adding vertical interest to cottage gardens, wildflower areas, and naturalized landscapes. This plant grows well in sunny locations with well-drained soil and is often found in dry, open habitats.
Produces clusters of small yellow flowers along tall, upright flowering stalks during its second year.
Develops broad, soft, gray-green leaves covered with fine hairs, forming a rosette during its first year.
Typically forms a leafy rosette in the first year and sends up a flowering stalk in the second year.
Suits open, sunny areas with well-drained soil, including selected wildflower and naturalized garden settings.
| Scientific Name | Verbascum thapsus |
| Common Name | Common Mullein, Great Mullein, Woolly Mullein |
| Plant Family | Scrophulariaceae |
| Seed Type | Flower Seeds |
| Growth Habit | Biennial herbaceous plant |
| Flower Color | Yellow |
| USDA Hardiness Zones | Generally 3–9, depending on local conditions |
| Planting Season | Spring to early fall, depending on climate |
| Growing Season | Cool to warm growing seasons, depending on location |
| Sowing Months | Generally spring through early fall, adjusted for local climate |
| Germination Time | Approximately 14–21 days under suitable conditions |
| Germination Temperature | Approximately 18–21°C (65–70°F) |
| Sunlight Requirements | Full sun |
| Soil Requirements | Well-drained soil; tolerates relatively poor and dry soils |
| Watering | Keep the soil lightly moist during establishment; avoid waterlogging |
| Mature Plant Height | Approximately 1–2 m (3–6.5 ft), sometimes taller in favorable conditions |
| Plant Spacing | Allow approximately 30–60 cm (12–24 inches), adjusting for available space |
| Life Cycle | Biennial; usually flowers in the second year |
Yellow Verbascum thapsus Seeds can be used to grow a distinctive biennial plant with woolly foliage and tall yellow flower spikes. Provide full sun, well-drained soil, and suitable moisture during establishment. Allow time for the plant to develop its first-year rosette before flowering, and manage seed production to prevent unwanted spreading.
Learn how to germinate Verbascum thapsus seeds, when common mullein flowers, and how to manage its growth in the garden.
Sow Verbascum thapsus seeds on the surface of moist, well-drained seed-starting mix and press them gently into contact with the soil. These small seeds generally benefit from light for germination, so do not bury them deeply. Keep the medium lightly moist and provide bright light while waiting for seedlings to emerge.
Common mullein is usually a biennial. It typically develops a low rosette of woolly leaves in the first year and produces a tall flowering stalk in the second year. Flowering time can vary with sowing date, climate, and growing conditions.
Yes. Common mullein can spread by seed when its flower stalks mature and release seeds. To limit unwanted seedlings, remove flower stalks before seed dispersal and pull young plants where they are not wanted. Check local guidance before planting because this species is invasive or considered a weed in some regions.